Human Enhancement in the Military: An Ethical Imperative for Innovation

The Birth of a New Era

In 1970, Alvin Toffler foretold the possibility of altering the human body. Today, thanks to advances in genetic science, this future has become our reality. In 2020, Jennifer Doudna and Samuel Sternberg's Nobel-winning work opened the door for "tinkering with human heredity."

These advancements confront humanity, and especially those at the forefront in special operations, with profound ethical dilemmas. As we grapple with the implications, we must also remember the ever-changing security landscape and the potential advantages that human enhancement holds.

The Debate: Essentialist vs. Transhumanist Views

On one side, bio-conservatives argue for preserving the "natural self" and caution against altering human nature. On the other side, transhumanists embrace technological advancements that promise to enhance our abilities and ensure human survival.

This debate extends beyond Western cultures, with non-Western perspectives offering diverse moral and ethical viewpoints.

The Burden of Ethical Constraints in a Rapidly Evolving World

While the U.S. government exercises caution in its approach to human enhancement research, our adversaries may move swiftly and unhindered by ethical concerns. This creates a danger as we strive to maintain advantage over present and future threats.

The Case for Enhanced Soldiers: Protecting the Nation

We must consider the ethical implications of human enhancement within the context of national security. If enhancing our service members' performance and resilience improves our chances of mission success and protects lives, does the potential for long-term drawbacks outweigh the benefits?

Human Enhancement: A Comprehensive Definition

Human enhancements span a broad spectrum, including pharmaceuticals, bioelectronics, genetics, and cognitive-neuroscience. Each category offers unique opportunities and risks for military applications.

Pharmaceuticals such as caffeine and blood doping offer temporary performance enhancements. However, their widespread use in military settings remains controversial.

Bioelectronics explore the integration of man and machine. They include brain-controlled drones, brain-to-brain interfaces, and sensory implants that enhance our capabilities.

Genetic research has the potential to transform both society and the military. Gene therapy and gene editing offer the promise of curing diseases and creating new abilities.

Neuroscience investigates the complex nature of the human brain. Research in this field has implications for cognitive enhancement, neuroprosthetics, and the ethical concerns surrounding neuroweapons.

The Global Security Context: A Heightened Sense of Urgency

The rise of geopolitical challengers like China and Russia, along with a rapidly changing international order, necessitates a careful evaluation of the role human enhancement may play in maintaining national security.

China's Military-Civil Fusion strategy grants them a unique advantage in leveraging advances in human enhancement research.

An Ethical Framework for Military Enhancement

The Belmont Report provides a valuable framework for ethical human research. Its three key principles—respect for persons, beneficence, and fairness—can guide military adoption of specific enhancements.

However, military culture and values differ from those of civilian society. The military places a higher emphasis on the collective good over individual rights.

Balancing Risks and Rewards: A Question of Necessity

Amidst the complexities of human enhancement, we must weigh the potential risks against the necessity of protecting ourselves against adversaries who will likely exploit all available means.

In the same way that we do not send soldiers into combat unarmed, we should not deny them enhancements that could increase their chances of survival.

Conclusion: The Path Forward

While human enhancement raises profound ethical questions, we cannot ignore its potential benefits for military applications. The pursuit of this research is essential for maintaining a powerful and technologically advanced force.

As we navigate these uncharted waters, we must embrace a transhumanist approach that balances our moral obligations with the imperative to stay ahead in an evolving world.

Like the explorers of old, we must push the boundaries of our knowledge and technology to create a better future that upholds our values and ensures our societal and ethical responsibilities.